Приведение типов в выражениях C/C++ (комментарии) (2 стр)

A prvalue of an integer type other than bool, char16_t, char32_t, or wchar_t whose integer conversion
rank (4.13) is less than the rank of int can be converted to a prvalue of type int if int can represent all
the values of the source type; otherwise, the source prvalue can be converted to a prvalue of type unsigned
int.

Every integer type has an integer conversion rank defined as follows:
— No two signed integer types other than char and signed char (if char is signed) shall have the same
rank, even if they have the same representation.
— The rank of a signed integer type shall be greater than the rank of any signed integer type with a
smaller size.
— The rank of long long int shall be greater than the rank of long int, which shall be greater than
the rank of int, which shall be greater than the rank of short int, which shall be greater than the
rank of signed char.
— The rank of any unsigned integer type shall equal the rank of the corresponding signed integer type.
— The rank of any standard integer type shall be greater than the rank of any extended integer type
with the same size.

Many binary operators that expect operands of arithmetic or enumeration type cause conversions and yield
result types in a similar way. The purpose is to yield a common type, which is also the type of the result.
This pattern is called the usual arithmetic conversions, which are defined as follows:
— If either operand is of scoped enumeration type (7.2), no conversions are performed; if the other
operand does not have the same type, the expression is ill-formed.
— If either operand is of type long double, the other shall be converted to long double.
— Otherwise, if either operand is double, the other shall be converted to double.
— Otherwise, if either operand is float, the other shall be converted to float.
— Otherwise, the integral promotions (4.5) shall be performed on both operands.59 Then the following
rules shall be applied to the promoted operands:
— If both operands have the same type, no further conversion is needed.
— Otherwise, if both operands have signed integer types or both have unsigned integer types, the
operand with the type of lesser integer conversion rank shall be converted to the type of the
operand with greater rank.
— Otherwise, if the operand that has unsigned integer type has rank greater than or equal to the
rank of the type of the other operand, the operand with signed integer type shall be converted to
the type of the operand with unsigned integer type.
— Otherwise, if the type of the operand with signed integer type can represent all of the values of
the type of the operand with unsigned integer type, the operand with unsigned integer type shall
be converted to the type of the operand with signed integer type.
— Otherwise, both operands shall be converted to the unsigned integer type corresponding to the
type of the operand with signed integer type.